Iraq

More than 1 million people remain displaced, including nearly 150,000 living in 21 open camps in precarious conditions and without sustainable prospects. Returns are limited by insecurity, lack of public services, lack of economic opportunities, and community tensions. In areas such as Sinjar and Ba’aj, the destruction of infrastructure and ethno-sectarian divisions are hindering returns. 

Iraq is also facing a serious climate crisis: declining rainfall, repeated droughts, and environmental degradation threaten agriculture, which is essential to the local economy, especially in the governorates of Nineveh, Dohuk, and the south. Over-exploitation of water resources, exacerbated by dams in Turkey and Iran, is significantly reducing the flow of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, exacerbating tensions between host communities, displaced persons and returnees. Equitable access to water is becoming crucial and is a prerequisite for social stability. 

In this context of cross-cutting vulnerabilities, prolonged displacement, climate crisis, inflation, and failing public services, humanitarian needs remain significant. Shelter, food security, access to basic services, and livelihoods are priorities for affected communities. Women, young people, and those stigmatized for alleged links to armed groups are particularly vulnerable. Increased support for sustainable solutions is essential, including through support for resilient agriculture, local entrepreneurship, and the rebuilding of public services.